Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 28

Morals - Essay Example The issue with these standards is that it doesn't disclose what befalls those disregarding the principles that would prompt accomplishment of joy for lion's share in the public eye. This hypothesis ought to keep up its utility guideline as extreme norm and no rule in the public arena should remain against it (Baier 41). This hypothesis neglects to state which human rights couldn't be damaged to help the whole society. For example, murder of an honest individual would appear to be acknowledged whether it served the job of the best greater part. The issue of fetus removal has been a subject of warmed discussion in the public arena and individuals appear to have changed suppositions. As indicated by utilitarianism rule, premature birth is awful since it won't advance most prominent great of society if the baby is ended. Social morals centers around what is correct direct and living great life. This part of reasoning portrays how individuals identify with one another in the public arena or social foundations, for example, family and business. It is the obligation of everybody to help those in power and live as per the set down cultural standards. It is the obligation of residents to support moral way of thinking of others so as to create solid companionship and take part in social relationship to benefit society. A great many people in the public arena are oblivious of social morals as they don't know about the unwritten social morals that society has modified since its beginning (Baier 39). The fundamental purpose behind this activity is that everybody isn't made mindful of social morals similarly. Social morals are a piece of an individual’s instruction and that it relies totally upon perception. Various individuals see or watch society in various way. Premature birth is a social difficulty, as per social morals, prematurely ending implies slaughtering or murder since that embryo has got life. Utilizing this hypothesis of social morals, premature birth would not be supported. Selfishness depends on

Price Discrimination Essay -- Economics Economy Profit Finances Essays

Value Discrimination Costs depend on the value versatility of interest in each given market. In different terms, this implies during women night at the nearby bar, it costs more for men to have a brew than ladies just on the grounds that these bars discover it o.k. to charge females less, as an approach to attract more females to the business on a particular night. Value separation is a piece of the business and business world. Cinemas, magazines, PC programming organizations, and a huge number of different organizations have limited costs for understudies, kids, or the old. One significant note however, is that value segregation is possibly present when precisely the same item is offered to various individuals at various costs. Top of the line versus mentor in a carrier (however once in a while simply contrasting in what number of free beverages you can get) isn't a case of value segregation in light of the fact that the two tickets, however practically identical, are not indistinguishable. Value segregation depends on the financial considerations and practice of peripheral examination. This procedure manages the distinctions in income and expenses as decisions and additionally choices are made. Benefit amplification is accomplished not when the quantity of items sold is the most elevated, nor when the cost is the most elevated. Productivity value segregation is just beneficial if and when the given objective gatherings value versatility of interest varies to where the different costs respect benefit expansion for each given gathering being referred to (where minor income approaches peripheral expense). Gatherings that are progressively delicate to costs, (understudies and senior residents for instance), have a lower value flexibility of interest and are the ones that are regularly charged the lower costs for the indistinguishable merchandise or administrations. The way to value segregation and utilizing it to completely praise other monetary practices, at last accomplishing the all out benefit amplification, is the capacity to adequately and productively gather, break down, and follow up on information assembled about the various gatherings. Above all else, the gatherings must be precisely recognized and the contrasts between bunches must be thought of early. Kids, sexual orientations, and senior residents are effortlessly singled-out by appearance, while military staff, understudies, and different gatherings must convey a type of distinguishing proof. Firms commonly will provide the greatest expense estimates in advertisements,... ...portunity cost. Value segregation is a noteworthy and compelling practice available in the advanced financial world. It helps in a company's benefit amplification conspire, it permits certain buyers with all the more rare assets the chance to buy merchandise or administrations that would somehow or another be usable, and it helps firms in adjusting what is and what isn't sold. Value segregation is a successful methods by which a firm can sell a higher amount of products, make a higher overall revenue on the merchandise it sells, and manufactures a more extensive shopper base due to contrasting value flexibility of interest for given merchandise and ventures. Value segregation at last evens out cost and incentive for both the customer and the firm, making a progressively perfect circumstance for the two substances regarding inclination and opportunity cost. Book index http://www.wired.com/news/story/18656.html infousa.com/toolbox/home/content/po3_5230.htm www.researchinfo.com/wwwboard/messages/7633.html www.mhht.com/financial aspects/frank4/understudy/appendixes/appendix4.html agriculture.house.gov/glossary/price_elasticity_of_demand.htm www.nets.kz/ilia.nets.kz/p_text.html www.nd.edu/keating/reading material/chap2/chap2.html

DOMR

DOMR DID YOU KNOW? GERMANY EDITION: In Germany, the energy content of foods is listed in kilojoules in addition to in calories. Hallo again. Ive been in Germany for a little over a week now and Ive already climbed 509 stairs, taken a four-hour tour down through Rhineland, and traveled over 200 miles by train in a single day. Amazing Race 13, here I come. My blog entries might be a bit sparse over the next three months due to an inconvenient truth about my internet access. Namely, there are only three ways I can access the internet: 1. The Turkish internet cafe on the corner, for the low, low price of 1,50 euro per hour. However, the upper room always has people smoking in it, and the lower room smells like it sustained flood damage at some point. Still, if theres one thing that my short, yet harsh life has taught me, its that beggars cant be choosers. 2. My job. However, the computer is supposed to only be used for working purposes, and Im really afraid of visiting most sites for fear of divulging trade secrets. Also, I cant really read most of the error messages that come up, and Im always worried that theyre saying Your internet has been shut off because you looked up Dan Quayle on Wikipedia! Then I couldnt e-mail Sams Mom. 3. Mr. Chicken. Mr. Chicken (not Herr Chicken, as you might expect), is a fast-food chicken restaurant thats about a 10 minute walk from my house. They advertise free wireless LAN on the window, but somehow the only people that ever seem to be in there with laptops it are me and three other Americans I know. Does that say something about American culture? Maybe. Anyway, this is the only way that Im actually going to be able to blog anything meaningful this summer. So I spent basically all of last weekend traveling, using plans that we made and maps that we sketched out in Mr. Chicken. On Saturday, we went to visit Koeln (or maybe Cologne) and see what was up there. On Sunday, we took the train to Koblenz and took a four-hour trip down the Mosel River to Cochem, smack dab in the middle of touristy German wine country. Monday was a totally random holiday luckily, MIT has prepared me for Mondays arbitrarily being declared holidays, so we took that opportunity to spend the night in Cochem with everybodys friendly German grandmother and visit a castle the next morning. From there, we spent 8 hours on the train so we could see Mainz for like one hour. JUST TO SAY WE COULD. I love Europe! From all of this, I learned two major life lessons about traveling in Europe. 1. Traveling in a group of exactly 5 people on the Bahn is awesome. 2. Always bring your student ID with you, because you get half off of basically every tourist attraction in continental Europe. Anyway, you didnt really read all that. Heres some pictures of Koeln. This is the Koelner Dom. It was the tallest structure in Europe until the Eiffel Tower was built. What amazes me most is not that it is so massive and beautiful, but just that this half-a-millenium-old piece of architecture is just sitting there, smack dab in the middle of the city, right outside the train station, and next to, like, a McDonalds or something. I guess you kind of get the same impression with the Old North Church in Boston, but thas only like 300 years old, made of boring old bricks, and also like 20 times smaller than the Koelner Dom. Anyway, come to MIT! Because in Boston, you can see something at least five percent as cool as the Dom. It also looks pretty nice inside. On Tuesday, theyre going to be performing Mozarts Requiem in there. Im pretty excited for that, because I sang that last year with the MIT Concert Choir. However, theyre singing the Levin completion rather than the Sussmayr one, which ve heard is actually better, despite being done like 200 years after Mozarts unfortunate death. I know that youve probably seen a stained glass window before, but I took like 20 pictures of them because they are JUST THAT BEAUTIFUL. I almost felt like an Asian tourist standing in front of the great dome (Class of 2010 readers, you will understand this before too long). I did the same thing going down the Rhine I was recently going through my pictures and wondering why I spent like half my memory card taking pictures of stupid hills. Stupidly beautiful, maybe. So, for the price of a single euro, we got the opportunity to climb somewhere between 509 and 524 steps to the top of the Koelner Dom. Pictured here are Katy 08, Vanessa, and Stephanie. Its a pretty cool experience, but I was disappointed to find out that the whole ascent is basically covered in graffiti, in a wide array of languages. I just couldnt believe that so many different people from all around the world were so stupid as to write Te adoro, Anton or whatever in white-out on a piece of religious architecture. If you ever find yourself in a piece of religious architecture, try not to do that. And heres Ling 07 at the top of one of the spires of the Dom. The tourist packet said to notice how the architecture gives an impression of frail majesty, or something. So, do that. From near far, or wherever you are. Once outside the Dom, we heard that there was a Chocolate Museum in Koeln. Now, I was a little skeptical, growing up 20 minutes from Hershey, PA, but let me just tell you, when it comes to chocolate museums Koeln stomps a mudhole in Hershey, in the parlance of our times. Hershey has a kind of cool factory tour ride, with singing cows, as I believe I mentioned at some point. However, the one in Koeln is bilingual, takes you through an actual chocolate factory, shows you a dugout canoe used to harvest cocoa fruits, describes the moral hazards and erotic implications of chocolate throughout the rococo era, is home to ancient Central American chocolate-drinking artifacts, and contains a climate-controlled artificial rainforest. Thats a lot more than singing cows. Also, Koeln has women pretending to be making chocolate candies, which was just charming and reminded me a lot of I Love Lucy. I think Ive told you before about my obsession with chocolate fountains. So impractical and unsatisfying, yet with such ethereal beauty. Anyway, heres a five-tiered chocolate fountain, which caused me to nearly faint. I dont know about you, but you should probably stop reading if you feel the same way about chocolate fountains. However, I guess the Dom at night might be a little more beautiful. Down on the right, you can see some sort of outdoor theater being set up. I think that when I am a famous rock star, Im going to play a free concert in front of the Koelner Dom and record a live album. Just because something like this would make a really cool album cover. Also, I could speak broken German to the audience between songs, which would be very cool. Now, if theres one thing I learned about Germans, its that they love to eat ice cream. All the time. Theres a cheap eiscafe pretty much every block, and at any given time Id say about 25% of the population of the country is walking around with an ice cream cone. Anyway, for a relatively low price, you can even get treats like this one, modeled by Ling 07. This one sparked a debate about what melon is better honeydew or cantaloupe? What do you think, gentle reader? Just so you know, Ling 07 is going to be in a lot of pictures in this blog, because shes like the most photogenic person that ever lived and every picture I take with her in it turns out to be perfect in every way even the non-Ling parts of it. The above pictures represent like 6 hours of my life. I think I need to find a more efficient way to blog.

What Do Achievement Tests Measure

Achievement tests have always been part of school, but they have taken on more pronounced importance in American education with the passage of the 2001 No Child Left Behind Act. Achievement tests are typically standardized and designed to measure subject and grade-level specific knowledge. Historically, they have been used as a way to determine at what level a student is performing in subjects such as math and reading. The 2001 law, which was replaced in 2015 with President Obamas Every Student Succeeds Act, linked the results on achievement tests to a wide range of political and administrative outcomes, from funding of school programs to individual teacher salaries. History The origins of standardized testing go back to the Confucian era in China when would-be government officials were screened for their aptitudes. Western societies, indebted to the models provided by Greek culture, favored testing by essay or oral examination. With the industrial revolution and the explosion in childhood education, standardized tests emerged as a way of assessing large groups of children quickly. In France in the early 20th century, the psychologist Alfred Binet developed a standardized test that would eventually become the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Test, a major component of the modern IQ test. By World War I, standardized tests were a common way to assess the fitness for various branches of the armed forces. What Do the Tests Measure? The most common standardized tests are the ACT and SAT. Both are used to determine the fitness of prospective college students. Different tests are more popular in different parts of the country, and they test slightly differently. Students show a propensity for one test or the other: the SAT is geared toward testing logic, while the ACT is considered more a test of accumulated knowledge. No Child Left Behind opened the door to more extensive testing, as the results of achievements became a measure of a schools effectiveness. The explosive growth in the testing industry answered a call for assessments in grade schools as well, with students typically facing standardized testing every year after the third grade. Popular Achievement Tests In addition to the ACT and SAT, there are a number of achievement tests that are given to students in American public schools. Some of the most popular assessments are: Wechsler Individual Achievement Test (WIAT)Kaufman Test of Educational Achievement (KTEA)Woodcock-Johnson Tests of Achievement (WJ)Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT-R)Metropolitan Achievement Test (MAT)National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) A number of private companies have emerged to get a piece of the assessment game. Some of the more popular ones: California Achievement TestITBS - Iowa Test of Basic SkillsSTAR Early Literacy, STAR Math, and STAR ReadingStanford Achievement TestTerraNovaWorkKeys

The Number One Article on Journal Research Writing Services

The Number One Article on Journal Research Writing Services The New Fuss About Journal Research Writing Services You may even opt for an available writer to communication panel, which gives an immediate communication between the author and the customer. Suppose, If you're in marketing field then it's a terrific weapon to impress your client. So, you may rest assured your term paper service is going to be delivered by means of a pro. As you probably know, your thesis ought to be very near perfect and hiring an editing service is a great approach to polish your document. What Everybody Dislikes About Journal Research Writing Services and Why Choosing online essay writers isn't a nightmare anymore. Writing is a helpful skill to get, but it isn't mandatory for all professions. As you compose a literary essay, you argue for a certain interpretation of the job. Perhaps, writing argumentative essays isn't that an effortless job. 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A Reaction Paper to Pablo Picasso’s Guernica Free Essays

What would be the best way to express an outcry against war? How could one influence another, a crowd, or even the world? During the Spanish Civil War in 1937, the Basque town of Guernica was bombarded by the German Air Force, which led to the deaths of hundreds of innocent people. In response to this, Spanish-painter Pablo Picasso expressed his outrage with a mural-sized painting entitled Guernica, his memorial to the brutal massacre, which has since become the twentieth century’s most powerful indictment against war, a painting that still feels intensely relevant today. Confusing and chaotic; those were the words to describe the painting at first glance. We will write a custom essay sample on A Reaction Paper to Pablo Picasso’s Guernica or any similar topic only for you Order Now I was thrown into the midst of seeing everything in a state of instability. Every nook and cranny screams the word death. On the far left is a woman, head back, screaming in pain and grief, holding the lifeless body of her dead child. This is one of the most devastating and unforgettable images in the painting. To her right is the head and partial body of a large white bull, the only unharmed and calm figure amidst the chaos. Beneath her, a dead or wounded man with a severed arm and mutilated hand clutches a broken sword. Only his head and arms are visible; the rest of his body is obscured by the overlapping and scattered parts of other figures. In the center stands a terrified horse, mouth open screaming in pain, its side pierced by a spear. On the right are three more women. One rushes in, looking up at the stark light bulb at the top of the scene. Another leans out of the window of a burning house, her long extended arm holding a lamp, while the third woman appears trapped in the burning building, screaming in fear and horror. All their faces are distorted in agony. Eyes are dislocated, mouths are open, tongues are shaped like daggers. The space is little to none, compacted and ambiguous with various perspectives and multiple viewpoints characteristic of Picasso’s earlier Cubist style. Images overlap and intersect, obscuring forms and making it hard to distinguish their boundaries. Bodies are distorted and semi-abstracted, the forms discontinuous and fragmentary. Everything seems jumbled together, while sharp angular lines seem to pierce and splinter the dismembered bodies. However, there is in fact an overriding visual order. Picasso balances the composition by organizing the figures into three vertical groupings moving left to right, while the center figures are stabilized within a large triangle of light. Picasso chose to paint Guernica in a stark monochromatic palette of gray, black and white. This may reflect his initial encounter with the original newspaper reports and photographs in black and white; or perhaps it suggested to Picasso the objective factuality of an eye witness report. A documentary quality is further emphasized by the textured pattern in the center of the painting that creates the illusion of newsprint. The sharp alternation of black and white contrasts across the painting surface also creates dramatic intensity, a visual kinetic energy of jagged movement. In the end, the painting does not appear to have one exclusive meaning. Perhaps it is that very ambiguity, the lack of historical specificity, or the fact that brutal wars continue to be fought, that keeps Guernica as timeless and universally relatable today as it was in 1937. How to cite A Reaction Paper to Pablo Picasso’s Guernica, Papers

Paul Revere Essays - Paul Reveres Ride, Paul Revere, William Dawes

Paul Revere Paul Revere was an American patriot who, in 1775, carried news to Lexington of the approach of the British. He warned the patriot leaders, Samuel Adams and Johh Hancock of their danger and called the citizens of the countryside to arms. This was the inspirations of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's poem "Paul Revere's Ride". (Martin 266-267) In 1175, King George III instructed General Thomas Gage, the British commander in chief in Massachusetts, to enforce order among the rebellious colonist. Gage then orders Lieutenant Colonel Francis Smith to move to Concord with a detachment of 700 men. Once there they were to destroy supplies and arrest Adams and Hancock for Treason. On the evening of April 18, 1775 Smith assembled his force on the British Common. His orders were secret, but the patriots had learned of them. Revere and William Dawes were sent to warn Adams and Hancock in Lexington and the patriots in Concord. An arrangement was made for a signal to be flashed from the Old North Church in Boston. Two lanterns meant that the British would be coming by water, and one, by land. Revere directed this signal to be sent to friend in Boston. ("Paul Revere's Ride: Explanation:) Revere borrowed a horse and left Boston around 10 p.m. He arrived in Lexington at midnight. Around 1 a.m. Revere Dawes, and Dr. Samuel Prescott left for Concord. On their way they were surprised by the British Calvary patrol. Prescoot and Dawes escaped, but Revere was captured. Only Prescoot got to Concord. Revere was released, without his horse, and returned to 1 Lexington. There he joined Adams and Hancock, and they fled to safety in Burlington. Revere returned to Lexington to rescue valuable papers in Hancock's trunk. On April 19, when the British arrived in Lexington they found the minutemen waiting. "Paul Revere's Ride" was published 88 years after the actual event. Longfellow suggests that we are dealing with the stuff of a legend. Although, the poem is close to the actual event, there are a few differences. The poem suggests that Revere will be awaiting the signal outside of Boston. However, it was Revere who brought word to Newman that the British were coming by water. Revere left Boston and began his ride after speaking to Newman. Newman's signal light was actually intended for Dawes. Longfellow combined the roles of Revere and Dawes to emphasize Revere's heroic statute. No matter how the story is told, the ride of Paul Revere is important in American history and literature. Longfellow, suggests that Revere's message will continue to inspire Americans to defend the cause of liberty. ("Paul Revere's Ride: Explonation") Paul Revere Paul Revere was an American patriot who, in 1775, carried news to Lexington of the approach of the British. He warned the patriot leaders, Samuel Adams and Johh Hancock of their danger and called the citizens of the countryside to arms. This was the inspirations of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's poem "Paul Revere's Ride". (Martin 266-267) In 1175, King George III instructed General Thomas Gage, the British commander in chief in Massachusetts, to enforce order among the rebellious colonist. Gage then orders Lieutenant Colonel Francis Smith to move to Concord with a detachment of 700 men. Once there they were to destroy supplies and arrest Adams and Hancock for Treason. On the evening of April 18, 1775 Smith assembled his force on the British Common. His orders were secret, but the patriots had learned of them. Revere and William Dawes were sent to warn Adams and Hancock in Lexington and the patriots in Concord. An arrangement was made for a signal to be flashed from the Old North Church in Boston. Two lanterns meant that the British would be coming by water, and one, by land. Revere directed this signal to be sent to friend in Boston. ("Paul Revere's Ride: Explanation:) Revere borrowed a horse and left Boston around 10 p.m. He arrived in Lexington at midnight. Around 1 a.m. Revere Dawes, and Dr. Samuel Prescott left for Concord. On their way they were surprised by the British Calvary patrol. Prescoot and Dawes escaped, but Revere was captured. Only Prescoot got to Concord. Revere was released, without his horse, and returned to 1 Lexington. There he joined Adams and Hancock, and they fled to safety in Burlington. Revere returned to Lexington to rescue valuable papers in Hancock's trunk. On April 19, when the British arrived in Lexington they found the minutemen waiting. "Paul Revere's Ride" was published 88 years after the actual event. Longfellow suggests that we are dealing with

Florida Bar Association Rules of Professional Conduct Essay Example

Florida Bar Association Rules of Professional Conduct Essay Example Florida Bar Association Rules of Professional Conduct Essay Florida Bar Association Rules of Professional Conduct Essay Rules of Professional Conduct (Chapter 4, Rules Regulating The Florida Bar) On This Page I. Issue II. Bar Position III. Background IV. Facts and Statistics [pic] I. Issue On January 1, 1987, the Code of Professional Responsibility ceased to govern lawyers in Florida. The Code was replaced by the Rules of Professional Conduct, which is Chapter 4 of the Rules Regulating The Florida Bar. The new Florida rules, patterned after the American Bar Association (ABA) Model Rules of Professional Conduct but stricter in many instances, provide updated ethical standards for attorney behavior and the structure for regulating conduct. Attorneys who violate the rules are subject to disciplinary proceedings brought by the Bar with penalties imposed by the Supreme Court of Florida. Advantages of the new rules include: Greater clarity, therefore promoting greater understanding of professional standards; improving ease of access for the average practitioner and offering a more definite framework for disciplinary procedures. Guidance in many matters not addressed in the Code of Professional Responsibility. New Rules of Discipline (Chapter 3, Rules Regulating The Florida Bar), which took effect at the same time as the Rules of Professional Conduct and amended further March 16, 1990, allow the Bar to publicly acknowledge complaints against attorneys after the Bar has formally filed a complaint against an attorney with the Supreme Court of Florida (cases received before March 17, 1990) and after grievance committee or staff disposition, including dismissals (cases after March 16, 1990). The Bar will be able to acknowledge that fact by citing the attorneys name, the nature of the omplaint and the status of the case. Previously, before January 1, 1987, such information was usually released only after the Supreme Court issued the discipline order often months or years after the formal complaint was filed. The new discipline rules also increase the disbarment period from three to five years (before an attorney can apply for readmission). The rules of discipline were amended with respect to a bolition of the gag rule, substantial reduction in the amount of confidentiality attached to disciplinary cases and to allow for more streamlined grievance committee procedures. : On February 9, 2000, The Florida Bar petitioned the Supreme Court to amend the Rules Regulating The Florida Bar. Some modifications were accepted and are now reflected in the Rules Regulating The Florida Bar. The most recent amendments to Chapters 3 and 4 of the Rules Regulating The Florida Bar were enacted by the Florida Supreme Court in Amendments to Rules Regulating The Florida Bar, 29 Fla. L. Weekly S265 (No. SC03-705, 5/20/2004). Back to Top [pic] II. Bar Position A. American Bar Association Position The Model Rules reflect years of effort by a commission of the ABA. The Florida Bar was active in the development of the Model Rules and many of its recommendations were included in the final Model Rules document. B. The Florida Bar Position Floridas Rules of Professional Conduct are based on the Model Rules with modifications specific to the state. The rules were submitted to the Supreme Court and were approved with minor changes in July 1986. The Rules of Professional Conduct reflect the position of The Florida Bar on matters of attorney conduct and discipline. Back to Top [pic] III. Background A. Historical The first national standards for lawyers were the Canons of Professional Ethics, adopted by the ABA in 1908, and subsequently by most state lawyer regulatory bodies. In 1969 the ABA replaced the Canons with the Code of Professional Responsibility, which was in turn, adopted in varying forms by all state bar associations. In 1977, the ABA leadership determined the code needed reworking and appointed the Commission on the Evaluation of Professional Standards, commonly known as the Kutak Commission. After six years of comment, debate and redrafting, the Kutak Commission proposed its final work product, the Model Rules of Professional Conduct, which the ABA adopted in 1983 to replace the Code of Professional Responsibility. The Florida Bar appointed a special study committee of lawyers and law professors from throughout the state to study the proposed rules and make recommendations regarding their adoption in Florida. After thorough review, debate and public hearings, the committee recommended that the rules be adopted with some modifications. The Florida Bars Board of Governors concurred, and after lengthy consideration, the Florida Supreme Court entered its order adopting the rules, effective 12:01 a. m. on January 1, 1987, in place of the Code of Professional Responsibility. B. Format The Code of Professional Responsibility was in a three-part format: the nine Canons, the Ethical Considerations and the Disciplinary rules. The purpose was to state the general maxims in the Canons, and aspirational objectives in the ECs, and the enforceable standards in the DRs. The Kutak Commission found that the Code of Professional Responsibility, including the varying standards found in the Canons, ECs and the DRs, were cumbersome and difficult to apply in the practical resolution of ethical dilemmas arising in the everyday practice of law. With the increasing size of the Bar and the need to provide more effective ethical standards for lawyers, the Kutak Commission believed that the restatement format would make the rules a more useful tool in the practice of law and in disciplinary procedures. The rules also provide substantive guidance in many areas not addressed by the code. The rules abandon the three-part format of the Code. The rules appear in a restatement format, with a total of 50 black letter rules in eight parts (Client-Lawyer Relationship, Counselor, Advocate, Transactions With Persons Other Than Clients, Law Firms and Associations, Public Service, Information About Legal Services, and Maintaining the Integrity of the Profession). Accompanying each rule is a comment explaining the purpose of the rule and providing a guide to interpretation. The comments explain and interpret the rules, but their statements of appropriate conduct, to the extent that they go beyond the actual mandates of the rules themselves, are not mandatory or binding. Back to Top [pic] C. Substantive Some of the areas where The Florida Bar has adopted stricter standards than the ABAs Model Rules include: Client Confidentiality. Florida rules require a lawyer to reveal information to prevent a client from committing a crime or to prevent a death or substantial bodily harm to another. The ABA Model simply leaves revelation of that information to the discretion of the lawyer. Contingency Fees. Florida rules require that all such arrangements in personal injury and property damage cases be in writing and closing statements disbursing such fees also be in writing. Percentage caps are also in place for personal injury and wrongful death cases. The ABA has no such cap requirements. Fee splitting is also addressed in the rules. A client must approve most fee splits before attorneys can share a fee and the closing statement must reflect who received what fees. For the most part, the substantive content of the rules is consistent with the Code of Professional Responsibility that they replace. Some examples of where the rules vary from the code, or address matters not found in the Code include: The rules are consistent with the recent pronouncements of the U. S. Supreme Court on advertising and essentially permit any form of advertising that is not false or misleading. Lawyers are allowed in certain situations (including the aftermath of disasters) to solicit clients through direct mail advertising. Lawyers are required to report ethical violations by other attorneys that raise a substantial question as to the lawyers honesty, trustworthiness or fitness as a lawyer. Previously, reporting violations by other lawyers was discretionary. The rules permit disciplinary action against a lawyer who knows of serious misconduct by another lawyer but fails to report it. Attorneys have a similar responsibility relative to judicial misconduct. Attorneys are forbidden from using means that have no substantial purpose other than to embarrass, delay or burden a third person and forbidden from making a frivolous discovery request in a pretrial procedure. Lawyers are required to make reasonable efforts to expedite litigation consistent with the interests of the client. Forwarding fees (sometimes called referral fees) are expressly permitted not only when they are divided in proportion to services rendered, but also where each participating lawyer merely assumed joint responsibility with the client consenting in writing. The rules expressly permit lawyers to advance costs contingent upon outcome of litigation. The rules expressly permit a member of a lawyers f irm to be a witness in a trial in which the lawyer is trial counsel. Circumstances in which a lawyer may accept employment adverse to a former client are expressly addressed for the first time. Considerations in corporation representation, including conflicts that may arise within the organization, are treated directly for the first time. The principle of confidentiality between lawyers and clients is expanded from the codes concepts of confidences and secrets to any information relating to representation. The rules expressly permit a lawyer to act as an intermediary between two or more clients in certain circumstances. The rules address the separate responsibilities of senior and subordinate lawyers in law firms, and the responsibilities for legal assistants, for the first time. For the first time, lawyers are allowed to participate in referral services operated by someone other than local bar associations and The Florida Bar. In other words, they can participate in privately ( nonlawyer) operated, for-profit referral services. Back to Top [pic] IV. Facts and Statistics The Florida Bar Lawyer Regulation Department [pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] | |Year |Complaints Received|Disbarments |Suspens- |Public |Resignat- |Admonish- | | | | |ions |Reprimands |ions |ments | |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] | |1980-81 |3,648 |15 |38 |18 |4 |87 | |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] | |1985-86 |6,268 |29 |65 |29 |13 |189 | |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] | |1990-91 |8,068 |27 |110 |66 |38 |N/A | |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] | |1991-92 |8,234 |39 |110 |56 40 |107 | |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] | |1992-93 |7,497 |33 |128 |48 |37 |142 | |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] | |1993-94 |7,796 |23 |123 |54 |37 |142 | |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] | |1994-95 |8,470 |29 |135 |62 |33 |148 | |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] | |1995 -96 |8,839 |35 |146 |63 |25 |111 | |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] | |1996-97 |9,436 |36 |127 |66 |36 |88 | |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] | |1997-98 |9,317 |32 |150 |60 |38 |62 | |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] | |1998-99 |9,101 |29 |144 |49 |44 |66 | |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] | |1999-00 |9,491 |35 |132 |43 |30 |57 | |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] | |2000-01 |9,280 |38 |155 |57 |38 |70 | |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] [pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] | |2001-02 |8,691 |20 |133 |69 |29 |52 | |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] | |2002-03 |8,671 |40 |116 |43 |26 |70 | Prepared by The Florida Bar Department of Public Information and Bar Services with assistance by the Lawyer Regulation Department and the Ethics and Advertising Department.

4 Super Fast Ways of Writing a Book Review

4 Super Fast Ways of Writing a Book Review 4 Super Fast Ways of Writing a Book Review If you search for writing book review  in Google, you will undoubtedly find tons of materials on how to write a book review competently. However, do you know how to write one quickly, especially if you have a fast-approaching deadline? Most articles on book reviews don’t discuss thisand if they do, it is not in length. Here are four ways to write book reviews speedily: Don’t wait to write stuff down while reading your book. Have note cards handy at all times while reading the book, and note important facts, ideas, passages, and your own interpretations down. Organize your notes properly in either alphabetical order or by category. As soon as something strikes you about the book, write it down. Most likely, you will forget what struck you if you wait to write it down. Our attention spans are not that long. Create a format for the review that is a standard for you. It is kind of like a fill-in sheet that you can use to keep you on track. This makes the process of drafting smoother and more organized. Before reading the book, create an outline of the format that you want your reviews to be in. Try to keep to this format as much as you can, but if you feel leeway should be given, then you can break your rules at times. If you are confused about how to format a review, usually reviews begin with introductory information about the book, move onto to giving a summary of the book, and then analyze the strengths and weaknesses of the book in terms of its style, pace, voice, and other characteristics of storytelling. Do automatic writing. Let your inner editor be silent and let the words rip! When writing, write fast without looking back. Remember: you have time to edit later. The first draft is done to get your ideas down according to your pre-designed format. The finer points come later. A good practice is to set a timer. Usually 5 minutes of free writing, taking a break, and doing 5 minutes of free writing again does the trick. Don’t care that your writing sounds crazy, off, inappropriate, or whimsical. No will see this draft besides you. Like Hemingway said, â€Å"Write drunk, edit sober.† You don’t have to drink alcohol to be drunk. Simply write without inner your editor and you are â€Å"drunk† on writing. If you hit a block and can’t seem to get through the review, move onto doing another review. There is no harm in doing two reviews simultaneously. It is better than sitting and doing nothing, being frustrated at yourself and the book you have to review. You can also take a short walk outside or watch a comedy video for 5 minutes. Usually these two things refresh us and make us feel like we can do our work again. Besides these 4 hints, you can always make some coffee, eat some chocolate, or drink some strong tea, and your work will be faster. Having a comfortable space to write that is quiet is also beneficial. At writing company you can get professional book review help from top-rated academic experts. Just fill in the order form online!

Business law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

Business law - Essay Example It is an established rule that helps the courts from extra labor. Every decision by courts becomes a precedent and if appeals are made in a higher court and the original decision is altered, the overriding decision becomes a precedent and the original decision is discarded as a precedent. It is at the very base of the common law system. There are two types of precedents Binding Precedent A precedent that is mandatory to follow is a binding precedent. The lower courts are bound to follow and honor the decisions made by higher courts for a given set of circumstances. For example, Dickinson v. Dodds is a very famous case that acts as a precedent regarding those cases which raise the question of valid acceptance and proper revocation of offer. Judges are bound to treat binding precedents as rules and principles. It is to be taken into account that in what hierarchical capacity, the court is performing. A precedent of a lower court may be used for help but it is not binding on the court. Another important factor is that of whether the case in question falls within the scope of the precedent. Persuasive Precedent A precedent that covers the case in question in its scope but is not binding on the court is a persuasive precedent. ... In common law system, the precedents form a part of the law along with the statutes. This helps in ensuring uniformity and consistency of the law. When a decision is made according to stare decisis, the personal involvement of a particular judge is eliminated; law prevails. In some situations, if the circumstances of a particular case are novel and no precedent is fully applicable, then the court looks at statutes for guidance. If statutes also do not help, then the court makes a just and equitable decision based on critical assessment of the facts of the case. The principle of Stare Decisis governs the use of precedents and enables the courts to uphold general fairness (Tribe & Dorf, 1990). The words ‘Stare Decisis’ emanate from the Latin maxim: Stare decisis et non quieta movere: "to stand by decisions and not disturb the undisturbed." (Adeleye, Gabriel et al, 1999). A common man is not afraid to go to the courts because he knows that standards are maintained. They are able to make estimates of what they would gain and what they would lose as a result of a lawsuit. All like cases are treated in a same way (F. Schauer, 1987). However, the binding precedents have a drawback of being too rigid at times and there are always some areas of the law that are needed to be reformed. The legitimacy of a court following stare decisis can never be seen with skepticism. It has veritable social interests (L.J. Strang, 2006). A court is bound to provide with sufficient explanations if it does not follow a binding precedent in a particular case. Decisions hence made are impartial and free from bias. It is very unlikely that such a decision would be challenged as being unlawful. If the decisions of a

Fact pattern Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Fact pattern - Essay Example Although these legal principles are national; the scope of others depends on state law development. Currently; art trade activities involving production, sale, display and collection of art get professional legal considerations through regulation, statute, treaty, case law, ordinance and regulation. Art traditionally concerns fine art and visual arts. Also, it’s noted that art law is very similar to the cultural property law. Entertainment law generally entails industries or sectors engaged in the production of theatre, music, television, publishing and motion pictures. These entertainment sectors deal with economic or business aspects that are applicable to almost all areas of law; for example copyright, trade secret, publicity, securities, trademark, rights of privacy and publicity, corporate law, international law, constitutional law and labor law. All of these stated laws work towards protecting the creative rights of the individual or the enterprises. Other laws related to the entertainment law include; intellectual property law, sports law, telecommunications law and First Amendment law. The most basic legal tool in the entertainment sector is the personal service agreement (Wasko 178). The personal service agreement is quite often governed through statutes, and they are at times the subject of court processes due to restrictions on rights of the artists to create or perform for other enterprises o r individuals. Another additional issues discussed in this paper is the fact pattern which involves presentation of evidences. Law practitioners are required to study the proofs in order to disregard or ignore those which are not applicable to the subject matter at hand. Copyright law protects artistic works. The artistic works should be presented in tangible mediums like paintings. Copyright is given through the federal statutes and it enables the artist to have exclusive rights on his works; like reproduction

The Media Discourse Of Youth Subcultures Media Essay

The Media Discourse Of Youth Subcultures Media Essay The cultural universe of young people is a complex and dynamic one (White, 1999) and there has always been a tendency among youth researchers to investigate the significant social changes that are being revealed through the experiences of contemporary youth (Leccardi Ruspini, 2006). Some of the earliest sociological researches on youth can be linked to the emergence of new forms of consumptions and distinct youth cultures that began to rise in the late 1950s. The changes in youth at this era were highly visible through music and fashion the young populations were consuming. This was viewed both as a result of the increase time available for leisure and personal resources (Leccardi Ruspini, 2006) as well as an attempt to create some symbolic meaning for self (White, 1999). In times of high unemployment where youth were caught in between the ideology of spectacular consumption promoted by the mass media and the traditional ideology of capitalism and the meritocratic work led to a pro liferation of empirical studies across a wide range of diverse issues from homelessness to unemployment, youth crime to street gang violence that engages in research relevant to both empirical and theoretical matters in order to stretch the conceptual boundaries in the contemporary society (White, 1993). Youth subcultures can be viewed as a response to the interaction between these different areas. This response is seen by some as an identity seeking reaction between resistance to consumerism created by the production based Puritanism and the new hedonism of post war consumption (White, 1993). This paper looks into the contemporary youth subcultures and the media discourse used in the representation of these subcultures. It is argued that such negative representations of youth subcultures would result in the popularization and re enforcement of activities rather than limiting or controlling such deviant behaviors and thereby confirming the labeling of a demonized and at risk youth groups. Further, the reports supports the idea that the media interventions in crime and social problem areas can lead to misplaced reactive political resources in mythic rather than real social problem areas resulting in amplified and exacerbated social problems generating moral panics (White, 1999). A culture can be defined as designs for living that constitute peoples way of life (Macionis Plummer, 2008:128). The five components of culture identified by Macionis and Plummer (2008: 130) include; symbols, language, values, norms and material culture. Culture has several, often contradictory meanings that carries ambiguity that can be traced in its different uses throughout history (Brake, 1985). While the classical perspective views culture as a standard of excellence (high culture), others view culture as a way of life which expresses certain meanings and values attached with a particular way of life known as the low culture'(Williams, 1961, p. 57). It is this conceptualisation of low culture that is central to the development of subcultures as an analytical concept (Brake, 1985). Subcultures can be defined as a cultural pattern that set apart some segment of a societys population (Macionis Plummer, 2008: 139) or a social group which is perceived to deviate from the normative ideals of adult communities (Thornton, 1995: 2). The earliest use of subcultural theories within sociology can be linked to its application as a subdivision of a national culture (Lee, 1945; Gordon, 1947). Culture in this context was viewed as learned behaviour with emphasis on the effects of socialisation within the cultural subgroups of a pluralist society (Brake, 1985). In most of the Western world, studies of youth subcultures have been dominated by a tradition associated with the 1970s work of the Centre of Contemporary Cultural Studies, University of Birmingham, England (Thornton, 1995). The Birmingham subcultural studies tend to banish media and commerce from their definition of authentic culture seen media and commerce as incorporating subcultures into the hegemony and effectively dismantling them (Hedbige, 1978). Chicago School sociologists on the other hand were concerned on researching empirical social groups by taking precedence over their elaboration of theory and were mainly focused on the shadier recesses of polite society (Nayaka, 2003:14 in Thornton, 1995). This report will look at subcultures as cultures that are labelled directly or indirectly by the media with a problematic authenticity and as media and commerce integral to the authentication of its cultural practices. Supporting this, A.K. Cohen states that a major determinant of s ubcultures among the youth as what people do depending upon the problems they contended with (Cohen, 1955, p.51). Cultural theorists argue that what it means to be young should be seen in the context of its cultural significance indicating that it is the context of cultural significance that makes been young so distinctive and not the structural focus of society (Alan, 2007). That is, the context the youth are exposed to and the issues that their exposures carry play a significant role in the construction of a youths culture. When understanding the conflicts surrounding young people and the way they use public space, the media plays a central role by constituting and shaping the principal form of the public sphere and by gathering and distributing important public information (Thompson, 1994 in Sercombe, 1999). One may argue that there is no certain measure of the direct effects of media coverage on the public. However, there are often negative and powerful cultural effects of media produced by the constant flow of its commercialized imaginary fictions and stereotypical coverages that socially construct a moral and narrative set of offerings upon which the youth attempt to build their identities on (White, 1993). Not only in building identities, the youth tend to use these social constructions by the media also as a measure for their achievements and personal worth by simply deriving an identity from a set of meanings drawn on the basis of media constructed stimulations instead of their local experiences (Baudrillard, 1983). It is important to note that the notion of identities are constructed across and by differences, and the social construction of youth identities though historically varied is tightly bound with the media representations made available at the time (White,1999). Therefore, we can argue that media is a critical component of the development and maintenance of the representation of young people which often feeds into the fears and negative attitude surrounding the presence of young people in public space as problematic or threatening (Sercombe, 1999). Moral panics in relation to youth music and subculture are not uncommon in the news and other media (Goode Ben-Yehuda, 2008, pp. 124-145, in Phillipoy 2009). Most cities in Australia like many other cities around the world housed for a large number of subcultural activities ranging from skateboarders occupying the steps and benches in the Melbourne streets to Goths congregating the inner city suburbs (Gelder, 2007). It also has a number of drag night clubs, gay and lesbian bars, a remarkable graffiti subculture; in which Melbourne has been claimed as a stencil graffiti capital (Smallman Nyman, 2005). Australia has several times witnessed its teenage subcultures clash in the streets; like the Mods and Sharpies in August 1966 (Sparrow Sparrow, 2004: 73-77). Stan Cohens classic Folk Devils and Moral Panics (1980) and the centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies Policing the Crisis (Hall et al. 1978) both indicate how mainstream media contributes to the public anxiety about youth subcultures and youth groups that are deemed to be deviant. Cohen, in his work looks at the development of conflict between mods and rockers, in a British seaside town, and particularly the escalation of conflict that arose as a result of the medias representation of these events. He argues that the media were responsible for amplifying the perception of deviance arising from a few of small-scale disturbances, which ultimately led to an escalated interventions from the police and judiciary, with the demonization and over-typification of young people involved in the mod or rocker styles. Similarly in Australia Cunneen et al. 1989, carried out a study on the disturbances at the Bathurst motorcycle races concluding that it was the over representation of the small di sturbances that led to the large scale conflicts and that the press concentrated on authority opinion while sensationalizing the material published (Cunneen et al., 1989). When analysing the literature published on the media representations of youth and youth subcultures it is evident that communications media create subcultures in the process of naming them and drawing boundaries around them in the act of describing them (Thonrton, 1995). The way media is inextricably involved in the meaning making and organization of youth subcultures will be discussed through the analysis of the representations of many recent incidents related to youth subcultures, particularly the ravers, Goths and emo subcultures. The rave subculture emerged worldwide in the late 1980s as a musical subculture and was a phenomenon in the area that attempted to invert the traditional rock n roll authenticity by remixing and creating a cutting edge disk culture with a warehouse party format and was established in Chicago, Detroit and across Britain (Thornton, 1995:4). Soon groups of young people were clustered in sites conventionally aligned with musical performance to listen and dance to electronic dance music played by djs in Sydneys alternative rock scene Unlike other musical subcultures such as alternative rock scene where performances generally took place in formal environments such as pubs and clubs the raves in Australian cities began to use spaces such as old warehouses, factories and train stations for their activities (Gibson Pagan, 2006). Since the late 1980s rave culture worldwide has increased their members and was diversified and fragmented in many aspects becoming more contradictory with various s ubcultures emerging such as the Doofs, Drum and Bass and Happy hard core. Mean while controversies and public moral panics were starting to generate over the diverged more politicized illegal party culture that were shifting itself from the mainstream (Gibson Pagen, 2006). Associations were made between these part scenes and illegal drugs such as ecstasy by the media providing the basis for a moral panic. Ravres were described as new age hippies where their activities summed up to no sex, but drugs and rock roll (Sun Herald, 15/1/1995:1995,121). Dance parties in Sydney eventually became associated with tropes of youth deviance and illegality making the rave space in the public consciousness as a site beyond the domain of mainstream, and thereby causing strong reactions from the public and a need for increased control over their events (Gibson Pagen, 2006). A major shift in the perception of the public of youth subcultures could be related to the ecstasy related death of teenager A nna Woods from Sydney at an Apache party in 1995. Her death was magnified within the media creating an unprecedented wave of media attention and public panic. With headlines such as Ecstasy agony and Ecstasy secret world running on the front pages for nearly two weeks, dramatically altering not only the rave culture but the perception of youth subcultures as a whole (See Sydney Morning Herald, 26/20/1995:1,4). The initial response of sympathy by the public to the incident soon turned into fear and anger that progressed from tension and social anxiety to a full blown social and political crisis (McRobbie, 1994) with scapegoating not only the ravers but creating fear against many youth subcultures (see Daily Telegraph, 25/10/1995:415). The death of Anna was interpreted as a symptom of the malaise affecting many young Australians (Daily Telegraph, 5/11/1995:8), with the NSW state government taking actions to close down clubs and bars which have promoted drugs in parties (Gibson Pagen, 2006). For a few months in 2007, the dangers of Emo and computer use were significant themes in many Australian newspaper coverages (Phillipoy, 2009). Emo is an abbreviation of the terms emocore or emotional hardcore which is a musical sub-genre of punk rock music, characterised by emotional or personal themes. They adopt a look that includes black stovepipe jeans, dyed black hair and side-parted long fringes, which might merely have been one of the many tribes (Bennett, 1999) that characterise this contemporary youth culture(Phillipoy, 2009). Following the deaths of Melbourne teenagers, Jodie Gater, Stephanie Gestier and Carly Ryan in year 2007, over an approximately five months period the media portrayed the two separate incidents linking the suicide and the murder to the Emo subculture and to the social networking site MySpace, presenting both as dangerous and worrying developments in contemporary youth culture (Phillipoy, 2009). These media discourses surrounding the deaths included many features of moral panic including a build-up of concerns disproportionate to the real risk of harm (see Goode Ben-Yehuda, 2002, pp.33-41). While the emo youth were viewed as straightforward folk devil (Cohen, 1972) or the enemy, the problem of emo was also framed as a product of much broader problems of youth culture (Goode Ben-Yehuda, 2002). The connections between emo and the deaths of these young girls were tenuously published over the mass media and was seen as symptomatic of what John Hartley (1998) describes in the context of r eporting on young people more generally as a profound uncertainty in the textual system of journalism about where the line that defines the boundary of the social should be drawn by the broader groups of non-subculturaly affiliated youth. The result of this according to Phillipoy, is a cultural thinking out loud (Hartley, 1998) where broader cultural anxiety are expressed and explored that can be described as anxiety about disclosure. The newspaper coverages on the deaths focused on the dangers of young peoples disclosures that made them inaccessible to adult authority that otherwise could have prevented the tragedies. Although some of these concerns were connected to the specificities of emo subcultural expression, with excessive emotions on display and the enigma associated with subcultural imagery respectively, they were on the whole linked to a broader problem in contemporary youth culture that was seen to apply to all young people, irrespective of any subcultural affiliation. T he expressions of anxieties that the private lives of young people were becoming increasingly unknowable to adult authorities, and, hence, that youth culture itself was increasingly unknowable were popular statements made by the media (Phillipoy, 2006). Reportings such as bizarre teenage goth and emo world world constructed both as dangerous (in the sense that the apparent involvement in subcultural activities was presented as disturbing and something that put her at risk of harm) and impenetrable (in the sense that subcultural affiliations and imagery was understood not simply as harmful but also as bizarre). In conclusion, the representations of young people in the media directly or indirectly depend on the interest of the newspapers and the discourse of its source. Language used by these media allows painting young people in different colors (Sercombe, 1999) and as youth subcultures are prime fare for the news media as in terms of news value they are both exotic and familiar (White, 1993) media and youth subcultures have a complex and symbolic relationship where young people are devoted consumers and producers of media and engage with media in the approval and adaptation of subcultural forms for their own context. Therefore, many of the subcultures can be argued to be reproduced and constructed through the media (White, 1999). The mainstream media however tend to represent youth subcultures mythologically as they often attempts to represent not the real world but the world that suits the advertisers, owners and the government. This leads to the constant stereotyping, reinforcing and exa ggerating issues, particularly in relation to the youth (White, 1993). Youth was been commodified and portrayed within the media as the mindless hedonism of lost youth (Brown, 2005). They were categorized as a careless generation that was only concerned with seeking pleasure and satisfaction from personal risk taking and drug use (Brown, 2005). By constructing notions of deviance and illegality, commercial media not only position youth and youth subcultures but are implicated in defining authentic underground activities that further strengthen subcultural practices that are deemed deviant (Gibson Pagan, 2006). Therefore, it is clear that media have been and is today, a major influence in fuelling and reinforcing perceptions of problem youth. Subcultures are constructed and stereotyped by the media as deviant and the media representations linked to the issues around subcultures have created an image of uncaring, hedonistic and self centered youth (Alan, 2007). Hence, this report suggest that the media is directly or indirectly responsibility for the fuelling and reinforcing of such deviant activities that they have constructed aligned to youth subcultures and that youth subcultures are a social construction mainly influenced by the national mass media. Therefore, the national media, particularly newspapers as the most commo nly used news media has a responsibility in the a discourses that are used to represent youth groups and youth subcultures as it carries an impact on the broader youth communities worldwide.

Audi Swot

Audi began Germany in 1932 , it was formed the merger of four different cartaker, In 1969 Volkswagen acquired the business in 2008 Audi delivered more than one million cars to customer. Today the business goes from strength to strength and manufacturers in many parts of the world including India. This is a manufacturer of very high quality cars tend to be highly engineered robust and priced at a premium level. STRENGTH Audi's reputation is undoubtedly based upon a very strong brand. In fact the four rings of Audi is one of the most identifiable logos and images globally.The brand is very innovative and the range is continually developed and extended. Being a German technology product, obviously Audi has a reputation for operations management and its production approaches. The company manufactures in excess of 1 million autos a year. Interestingly, more than 1000 of these cars are Lamborghinis, Audi's premium supercar brand. The company manufactures cars in the German cities of Ingols tadt and Neckarsulm. Audi is also renowned for technology, creativity and innovation.The business invests almost $3 billion every year in research and development for its new products. Historically, the company's innovations are quite impressive – for example, Audi Quattro’s four-wheel-drive technology. New innovations include light emitting diode headlights (you may have seen them on the highway) and also MultiMedia Interface (MMI), which is a mash up of entertainment technology, navigation technology, and communication technology – including telephones as well as other innovations, which also improve passenger safety. WeaknessesOne interesting problem for the business is that whilst it is a very large vehicle manufacturer, it doesn't operate on the same huge scale as some of its close competitors, including Ford and Toyota. A simple revenue analysis based upon units produced shows that its competitors can make equivalent vehicles more cheaply, simply because o f economies of scale. That is to say relative unit are relatively higher. Audi's are German and its brand is associated with its national identity. Whilst in some ways this is a strength, others might view this as a particular issue.The brand is very dependent upon its European markets. It is relatively small in North America. Some of the sustained sales in Europe have to be due to environmental initiatives and incentives offered by European governments, and this won’t go on forever. The European market might also go into decline, simply because of the debt being experienced by large markets such as the Greece, Ireland and Spain. In common with some of its competitors including Toyota , Audi has also had to endure the embarrassment of product recalls.Especially for a brand which encompasses security and safety, this could potentially be damaging. In North America, there have been problems with gearboxes (transmissions) . Similar problems occurred in the South Korean market. O pportunities Without a doubt the new emerging markets of China and India are huge opportunities for Audi. New car sales are growing in both countries as consumers are getting wealthier and more discerning, they need status brands such as Audi. By 2015, the Indian car market is going to be huge, with estimated sales reaching more than $40 billion.In China figures indicate that sales will be in excess of 250,000 million vehicles in a similar period of time. Audi with its innovative history is obviously investing heavily in vehicles which are low emission and will be targeted at the greener car market. Hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) will become very popular in the large countries of the United States and China, whereby petrol stations will become slowly replaced by plug-in stations. So obviously the growth of environmentalism and the nature of global warming mean that consumers are calling for low emissions alternatives.Hopefully in the coming years, the global car market will begin t o recover and car sales and production will increase. There are a number of drivers. Government programs which offer incentives to consumers to ditch their old gas guzzler to replace it with a modern hybrid car for example, mean an increase in sales. The problems associated with raising credit in Western nations will hopefully disappear and consumers will begin to take loans to finance their vehicle again. Audi has become a leaner business by increasing its profit per vehicle and reducing its inventory.Threats Like any business which operates in a global economic environment, Audi has to deal with local business environments. For example, regulations by local governments in relation to emissions or safety, or even strategic alliances with local companies in order to enter a market, such as China. All please add to the bottom line and reduce margins potentially. Trading in a global market means that the business is essentially exposed to commodity price fluctuations. Steel prices hav e been on a helter-skelter.Commodity prices vary, and it makes it difficult for Audi to keep costs steady. In the car industry, generally, the largest threat relates to the nature and level of competition in what is a mature industry. There are a number of similar brands including BMW and Mercedes. Car production globally tends to move where the high dependence on labour cannot impact its cost base, so over years to come more manufacturing will move to India and China, where costs of labour are lower. The German worker is comparatively expensive.

Advertising, A Web To Trap Consumers The Corporations

Advertising, a Web to Trap Consumers: The Corporations Goal is to Create a Spin in the Mind of Consumers through Advertising for Earning Profits Corporations have existed since the time of the Roman Empire but the influence of modern technology transformed corporations into something new without fringes(Bogdaneris,2016). Due to globalisation corporations can operate anywhere in the world Although the perspective of corporations is the same as the past, corporations now believe they exist only for earning profits (Bogdaneris,2016). The golden age of media influences the growth of corporations through advertising their products (Bogdaneris,2016). This paper focuses on how corporations use various marketing techniques to advertise their†¦show more content†¦In â€Å"Environmental Advertising† Some organisations use ambiguous words in their advertisements which creates confusion in the mind of consumers and affects their decision-making power. (Kangun et al.,1991, p.48). Most normal words utilized by these associations are environment friendly, degradable or ozone friendly which have no reasonable importance (Kan gun et al.,1991, p.48). Entangled claims made in advertisements confines the purchaser to basic known words which can be effectively confused by them (Kangun et al.,1991, p.49). Landler (1991) explains the most praised body of evidence is recorded against the Mobil compound organization for its distortion of its â€Å"Hefty degradable trash bags† as earth safe, however these bags do not disintegrate in secured landfills yet association no longer make this claim in its publicizing (qtd. In Kangun et al.,1991, p.49). Along these lines, these sorts of claims end up being insignificant, deceiving or beguiling to customers. Advertisements aimed not to motivate children to purchase things but rather inspiring them to nag their parents to purchase them (Bankan,2005). 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The Beatles Legacy - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 10 Words: 2969 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2019/08/16 Category Music Essay Level High school Tags: The Beatles Essay Did you like this example? Beatlemania and the British invasion, two terms used to describe the profound way people from the United States and rest of the world felt about the Beatles. The Beatles, the greatest musicians of all time left a legacy that has been incomparable for around half a century. Prominent in the sixties, the popular rock band produced thirteen albums in less than ten years. The two hundred plus songs they created during this time period contained dozens of hit records, many of which can be heard traveling the radio waves to this day. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Beatles Legacy" essay for you Create order However, the Beatles were not always multi million dollar-worth superstars travelling the world. Paul McCartney, John Lennon, George Harrison, and Ringo Starr were all born in Liverpool England during a three year span from 1940-1943. Ringo Starr was actually born Richard Starkey but then changed his name to something more appealing. The name Ringo came from a large golden ring that he would always wear and Starr was a condensed play on his last name. In the summer of 1956, at the young age of sixteen, John Lennon and a few of his classmates at Quarry Bank Grammar School in Liverpool decided to form a band. They named their band the Quarrymen and began to perform ar St. Peters Woolton Parish Church in 1957. During this time, Lennon was introduced to a fellow musician named Paul McCartney. Paul was only fifteen, but immediately became friends with John and soon after was invited by John to join the Quarrymen. The next year, as the band continued their performances and picked up a little steam, they expanded once again. George Harrison was recruited (also at the age of fifteen). Lennon, who had been attending the Liverpool College of Art convinced a classmate Stuart Sutcliffe to join the band in 1960. After he joined, the four artists decided to change their name from the Quarrymen to the Silver Beetles. However the name didnt stick long as it was promptly changed to the Silver Beatles (with an ea instead of an ee). In the summer, the Silver Beatles picked up their new drummer Pete Best. They also changed their name again as they shortened it to just the Beatles and kept on performing at different small venues and clubs, displaying their enthralling mix of folk rock music around England The group of five musicians traveled to Hamburg Germany shortly after acquiring Best. In Hamburg, the Beatles performed at several different clubs including the Kiaserkeller and the Indra clubs. After their first trip, they went back four more times from 1960-1962. It is said that during these long mini tours, they discovered their collective musical identity and the sound that made them so unique. After returning from their first trip to Hamburg, the Beatles staged a homecoming performance at Litherland Town Hall in Liverpool where they had fans waiting for them. This ecstatic show was the eighth of twenty shows they had at Litherland Town Hall and was one of the most memorable. They were also gaining popularity as they performed at clubs such as the Cavern Club and the Cassanova Club in Liverpool. In 1961, Stuart Sutcliffe quit the band to pursue a career in art. Stuart never really wanted the career of a full time musician and was an extremely talented painter. Another factor that was involved with him quitting was his engagement to the German Astrid Kirchherr. Astrid Kirchherr met the Beatles during their Hamburg visits and was friends with all of them. Unfortunately, while living with Astrid in Hamburg, Sutcliffe died less than a year after leaving the Beatles of a brain hemorrhage. Later, in November of 1961, the Beatles hired Brian Epstein to be their manager. A former student of the Royal Academy of the Arts, Epstein worked at a family run music store but became professionally involved with musicians around Liverpool. He met the Beatles at one of their shows and two months later he was hired. It is said that Epstein was the one who inspired many of the Beatles outfits and their iconic mop-top, bowl cut, mullet style hairdos. In the beginning as a manager, he successfully helped mold their persona from an average startup boy band to the loveable, quartet that took the world by storm. On January 1, 1962 the Beatles experienced their first real speed bump in their musical journey. Epstein took them to audition for a large record deal in London but took it roughly when they were turned down. Dick Rowe of Decca Records made one of the biggest investing blunders known to man when he snidely responded to the Beatles manager saying, Guitar groups are on their way out Mr. Epstein. Mr. Rowes misjudgment and inability to envision the fab fours musical potential no doubt cost him millions. Although the fallout with Decca Records was disappointing, the Beatles bounced back in May of the same year by hiring George Martin as their producer. Martin was the only producer who worked with the Beatles as a band and has been described by many, including Paul McCartney, as the fifth Beatle. He was able to land them a record deal with EMI, a well known record label. EMI has signed artists worldwide and many from the United Kingdom, some of which are Avicii, Pink Floyd, Queen, Iron Maiden, Coldplay, AC/DC, David Guetta, Snoop Dogg, Red Hot Chili Peppers, Duran Duran, Frank Sinatra, Spice Girls, Arctic Monkeys, David Bowie, Sex Pistols, J Balvin, Cher, Calvin Harris, and many more. Right after Martin was hired, on August 16, Pete Best left the Beatles. There is still some controversy over whether Best left or was fired by Martin after their EMI audition. Martin apparently disliked Best and believed the rest of the group would be better off with a more skilled drummer. Pete Best also never really fit in with the rest of the Beatles as he was more introverted and preferred to spend his down time alone. He also refused to switch his ducktail haircut to the classic Beatle cut when the rest of the Beatles did. After this, the Beatles were in desperate need of a new drummer. Ringo Starr joined fit the job description perfectly and joined the Beatles just two days after Best left (or was fired). Ringo was a close friend and had filled in as a drummer a few times on their Hamburg trips when Best wasnt available. His quirky but skillful drumming style and his fun loving personality helped him fit right in with the other three members of the Beatles who enthusiastically invited him to join the band. On September 11, of the same year, the Beatles recorded their first single, Love Me Do. It did well for the first single they produced and even reached number seventeen on the British top singles chart. 1963 was the year the Beatles really blew up and became prominent and recognized in the music community. On January 11, 1963 they released their second single, Please Please Me in the United Kingdom. In just a month, it reached number one on the British singles chart and stays there for two weeks. By February 11, they recorded their first whole album, also called Please Please Me. By this time, ten more songs were also recorded to add to Love Me Do. On March 22, their Please Please Me album is released in the United Kingdom and becomes an immediate hit, staying at number one for twenty-nine weeks. In July the same album that had gained so much popularity in the United Kingdom was released in America but had an unexpected result. The release was a flop. Although the Americans had not yet started to pick up on the Beatles music, it was spreading like wildfire from the United Kingdom all throughout Europe. This quick increase of popularity outside of their home country was just the begi nning of Beatlemania. On October 13, roughly fifteen million people tune in to watch the Beatles perform on ITVs Sunday Night at the London Palladium, which is the British equivalent of The Ed Sullivan Show. Less than a month later they had a royal performance for Queen Elizabeth II, Lord Snowdon (the Queens son in law), and Princess Margaret at a Royal Command Performance on November 4. Here John Lennon introduced a new song they had been working on with this cheeky statement, For our last number Id like to ask your help. The people in the cheaper seats clap your hands. And the rest of you, if youd just rattle your jewellery. Wed like to sing a song called Twist And Shout. The Beatles did not perform again at the Royal Variety Show even though they were asked to every year. They chose not to because it seemed too formal to them and they were all extremely nervous about playing and speaking in front of the Queen. On November 22, then Beatles second album, With the Beatles, is released in the United Kingdom, clinching the number one spot on the British album chart for twenty-one weeks. With the Beatles dropped Please Please Me down to number two in the United Kingdom and the two albums together stayed on top of the charts for over fifty consecutive weeks. The fab four was on a hot streak and could not stop producing music. A week later, on November 29, the band released another single in the United Kingdom called I Want To Hold Your Hand which immediately went to the top of the charts. Less than a month later this song was released in the United States and jumped to number one, where it held that spot for seven weeks. On January 20, 1964, Capitol Records released Meet the Beatles! in the United States. On February 7, the Beatles landed at JFK Airport in New York where they were mobbed by thousands of fans who were waiting for them. The fans followed them and surrounded the Plaza Hotel in New York where they were staying. This was the spark that lit the flame of the British invasion. Two days later the Beatles were invited on the Ed Sullivan show setting a televised record of 73 million viewers. Here the fab four performed I Want to Hold Your Hand, All My Loving, Till There Was You, She Loves You, and I Saw Her Standing There. Two more days after their televised performance, the Beatles played at the Washington Coliseum in Washington D.C. This was their first live performance in America. The next day, on the 12th, they performed live at Carnegie Hall. Their short trip to the United States was a key factor is boosting their popularity in the Americas. After those three memorable performances, Meet t he Beatles! reached the number one spot on the Billboards hot album chart and had no competition for eleven straight weeks. On March 2, George, Paul, John, and Ringo decided to try their hand in the film industry by starting their first film, A Hard Days Night. The musical comedy illustrated the everyday life of a Beatle and only took eight weeks to film. On March 32, 1964, the Beatles set a musical record having songs in the first five spots of the Billboards singles chart. These five songs that so enthralled the American public were, from one to five, Cant Buy Me Love, Twist and Shout, She Loves You, I Want To Hold Your Hand, and Please Please Me. At this point they didnt think it could get any better but by April they had the privilege of having fourteen songs on the Billboards Hot 100 singles chart. In July, the Beatles release another movie with a sister album called A Hard Days Night. Both the movie and the soundtrack are consumed by the public worldwide and the album hits the top of the charts in both the United Kingdom and the United States. On August 19, 1964, the boy band begins their first tour of the United States and Canada. It started at the Cow Palace in San Francisco and lasted one month. After their tour, they took a break for a while and produced their next album on December 4. Beatles For Sale once again has no competition and skyrocketed to the number one spot on music charts worldwide. In February of 1965, the Beatles started shooting their second movie Help! in the Bahamas. The hit film had a budget of $1.5 million and only took about six months to make. This movie was also a hit and its accompanying album was a success as well. In the summer, the Beatles returned to the United States where they held a concert at Shea Stadium in Queens. Here they set a record attendance of 55,600 people and roughly grossed about $304,000. In December, another smash album, Rubber Soul, is released and of course rests atop the charts for over five weeks. The Beatles never returned to the incredible speed at which they produced music during 1964, but they were still steadily releasing albums at a rate much faster than most artist today. Their next album Revolver was released on August 5, 1966 and inevitably rose to the top of the charts where it stayed for six weeks. On August 29, 1966, the iconic quartet ended touring for good. They performed on tour live one last time in San Francisco and decided to invest more time recording in the studio. They were sick of the emotionally and physically painful and stressful tour life and wanted to change it up temporarily. Revealed by Ringo Starr in an interview in the early 2000s, hey never intended to stop touring completely, but sadly they did. Sgt. Peppers Lonely Hearts Club Band is released on June 1, 1967 and stays at the top of British charts for twenty-seven consecutive weeks. On June 25, a two hour television program made by the Beatles titled Our World aired in twenty-four different countries via new satellite technology making it the first television show to air worldwide. On August 27, 1967, tragedy struck the Beatles family as their manager died at the age of thirty-two. Brian Epstein, the man who was responsible for making the Beatles who they were passed away due to an accidental drug overdose in Sussex England. The Beatles were heartbroken, having lost the fifth Beatle, but they kept on, releasing the Magical Mystery Tour in November, which also hit the top of the charts. In Febuary of 1968, the Beatles became infatuated with the Hindu religion and especially transcendental meditation right at the time they claim to have dropped drug abuse. They journeyed to a seminar teaching this in Rishikesh, India led by Maharishi Mahesh Yogi along with sixty other people including a few other celebrities. They returned from the seminar in a few weeks and on May 14, Lennon and McCartney guest starred on the Tonight Show to announce the startup of their new company designed to help young upcoming artists, Apple Corps Ltd. On November 22, they released another album The Beatles or The White Album and it reached number one once again. Less than two months later, Yellow Submarine was released and hits the top of the charts, falling second to The White Album. On January 30, 1969, the Beatles have what will be their last performance together ever at a rooftop party for Apple Corps Ltd. in London. This was mainly due to the fact that the band had been deteriorating basically ever since the death of Brian Epstein. Drug abuse was back and there was a lot of conflict and tension between the four members of the group. A large part of this was due to Yoko Ono, a Japanese woman John Lennon left his wife for. He broke one of the imperative rules put in place by the four members of the band, not bringing wives or girlfriends into the studio, by inviting her into the studio. Feelings clashed even more when Lennon enthusiastically allowed her to bleed some of her artistic input and opinion into the music the fab four created. Lennon unofficially left the band sometime in September. However the Beatles last studio recording was dropped on September 26 and of course found its way on top of the charts. Even with this album doing well, there was no comin g back for the Beatles. The damage had been done and they were moving on towards their solo careers. Although they had a few minor hits individually, they could never be as great as they were collectively, together, and as the Beatles. On December 8, 1980 John Lennon was murdered by an unhinged fan. Over twenty years later, George Harrison died of cancer on November 29, 2001. Ringo Starr and Sir Paul McCartney are still alive to this day. While the Beatles were incredible musicians and entertainers, they lived a life full of harmful drug abuse. A few of the drugs they regularly used at different points in their career include speed, cannabis, LSD, cocaine, and heroin and their self harming lifestyles were not exemplary or condonable. However the Beatles left a legacy of incredible music and unprecedented sound and which is still listened to by millions today. Works Cited Brush, Joseph. The Beatles and Drugs. The Beatles Bible, The Beatles Bible, 7 May 2018, www.beatlesbible.com/features/drugs/. Miller, James E. The Beatles. Encyclop? ¦dia Britannica, Encyclop? ¦dia Britannica, Inc., 25 Apr. 2018, www.britannica.com/topic/the-Beatles. Spitz, Bob. Beatles The Biography. Simon Schuster Audio, 2005. Bramwell, Tony. Magical Mystery Tours. St. Martins Press, 2005. Dianna. Why Did Ringo Starr (The Beatles) Choose This Name? OldiesMusicBlog, www.oldiesmusicblog.com/why-ringo-starr/. Atcheson, Ella. The Beatles Never Intended to Quit Touring for Good. NME, NME, 24 Aug. 2016, www.nme.com/news/music/the-beatles-4-1191035. Beatles Manager Brian Epstein Dies. History.com, AE Television Networks, www.history.com/this-day-in-history/beatles-manager-brian-epstein-dies. daveliftongmail-com. The Day Ringo Starr Joined the Beatles. Ultimate Classic Rock, 18 Aug. 2015, ultimateclassicrock.com/ringo-starr-first-beatles-show/. Paul McCartney Announces the Breakup of the Beatles. History.com, AE Television Networks, www.history.com/this-day-in-history/paul-mccartney-announces-the-breakup-of-the-beatles. The Beatles. Billboard, Billboard, www.billboard.com/artist/383540/beatles/chart.